What Determines the Spectrum of a Climate Variable at Zero Frequency?

What determines the magnitude of carbon cycle-climate feedbacks?

Positive feedbacks between climate change and the carbon cycle have the potential to amplify the growth of atmospheric carbon dioxide and accelerate future climate warming. However, both the magnitude of and the processes which drive future carbon cycleclimate feedbacks remain highly uncertain. In this study, we use a coupled climate-carbon model to investigate how the response of vegetation ph...

What determines the age at the menopause?

Metamaterials at zero frequency.

We investigate the problem of designing metamaterial structures which operate at very low frequencies. As an example, we consider the case of a DC magnetic cloak, which requires a variable, anisotropic magnetic permeability with both paramagnetic and diamagnetic components. We show that a structure based on superconducting components is the key to diamagnetism at low frequencies, and present a ...

What Determines Knudsen Force at the Microscale

Knudsen forces arise in microscale systems when there is a thermal gradient with a characteristic length scale comparable to the molecular mean free path of the ambient gas. These forces are sometimes referred as radiometric or thermo-molecular forces [1] and have been recently measured experimentally in a microscale configuration using heated atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes [2]. The Knuds...

What determines the citation frequency of ecological papers?

Citation frequencies of scientific articles are increasingly used for academic evaluation in various disciplines, including ecology. However, the factors affecting citation rates have not been extensively studied. Here, we examine the association between the citation frequency of ecological articles and various characteristics of journals, articles and authors. Our analysis shows that the annua...